Theodolite survey procedure pdf

This method consists in measuring several angles successively and finally closing the horizon at the starting point. The final reading of the vernier A should be same as its initial reading.

Then to measure these angles by repetition method : i Set up the instrument over station point O and level it accurately. Bisect it accurately and check the reading of vernier as 0 or 0. Loosen the lower clamp and turn the telescope clockwise to sight point B exactly. Read the verniers again and The mean reading will give the value of angle AOB. If not note down the error. This error occurs due to slip etc.

If large the readings should be discarded and a new set of readings be taken. It may be an angle of elevation or depression according as the object is above or below the horizontal plane. The line of sight is thus made horizontal and vernier still reads zero. The mean of of the two vernier readings gives the second value of the required angle. Let it be ii Similarly, sight B and take the mean of the two vernier readings at the vertical circle.

Let it be iii The sum or difference of these dings will give the value of the vertical angle between A and B according as one of the points is above and the other below the horizontal plane.

Magnetic Bearing of a Line iii Release the magnetic needle and loosen the.. Now clamp the lower clamp with the help of lower tangent screw. Bring the needle exactly against the mark in order to bring it in magnetic meridian.

At this stage the line of sight will also be in magnetic meridian. With the help of upper tangent screw ,bisect B accurately and read both the verniers. The mean of the two readings will be recorded as magnetic bearing of line. Magnetic Bearing of a Line v Change the face of the instrument for accurate magnetic bearing of the line and repeat. Basak, S. Duggal Ranging and extending a line Method of traversing Included angle method Deflection angle method Fast angle or magnetic bearing method Computation of latitude and departure Latitude of a line is the distances measured parallel to the north south of the North-South direction Departure of the line is the distance measured parallel to the east- west direction Computing latitude and departure Problem-1 While making survey through the woods, a surveyor with the hand compass started from point A and walked a thousand steps in the direction S67W and reached a point B.

In which direction should he move and how many steps should he take. Sources of errors in theodolite Instrumental errors Non adjustment of plate bubble Line of collimation not being perpendicular to horizontal axis Horizontal axis not being perpendicular to vertical axis Line of collimation not being parallel to axis of telescope Eccentricity of inner and outer axes Graduation not being uniform Verniers being eccentric.

Personal errors Natural errors High temperature causes error due to irregular refraction. High winds cause vibration in the instrument, and this may lead to wrong readings on verniers Closing error Balancing of traverse Bowditchs rule: Total error is distributed in proportion to the lengths of the traverse legs. Calculation of traverse area Problem Calculate the latitudes, departures and closing error for the following traverse conducted at allahabad. Adjust also the traverse using Bowditchs rule.

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Bestsellers Editors' Picks All Ebooks. Explore Audiobooks. Bestsellers Editors' Picks All audiobooks. Explore Magazines. Editors' Picks All magazines. Explore Podcasts All podcasts. Difficulty Beginner Intermediate Advanced. Explore Documents. Theodolite Surveying. Uploaded by Dinesh Perumalsamy. Document Information click to expand document information Description: The Theodolite is a most accurate surveying instrument mainly used for : Measuring horizontal and vertical angles.

Setting out grades Ranging curves Tacheometric Survey A. Did you find this document useful? Is this content inappropriate? Report this Document. Description: The Theodolite is a most accurate surveying instrument mainly used for : Measuring horizontal and vertical angles. Flag for inappropriate content.

Download now. Related titles. Carousel Previous Carousel Next. Jump to Page. A to Z Building. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Theodolite survey procedure is the most accurate instrument theodolite used in the measurement of horizontal and vertical angles. It consists of a telescope to see distant objects.

The telescope has two distinct motions, one in the horizontal plane and the other in the vertical plane. The horizontal angle is measured on the graduated horizontal circle by means of two verniers. It can also be used for various other purposes such as laying of horizontal angles, locating points on a line, prolonging theodolite survey procedure lines, establishing grids, determining differences in elevation, etc.

Table of Contents. For demarcation of plot boundaries and existing structures at any stage of work. For line out of the compound wall, boundary wall garden wall, electric pole, etc. For taking a straight line where considerable obstructions of hutments, soil heaps, trees, etc. For line-out in the deep basement where plumb line is not possible by means of the plumb bob.

For line-out and building setting. Setting out a series of buildings in project premises. Setting out centers of columns from the face of buildings. For maintaining the vertical face of the building, if the height is considerably more. First, get acquainted with all the parts of the theodolite. Know and follow all the procedures of adjustments and operations. Plan the total work in advance for ease of all activities, minimum operation , and more accuracy in work.

Do not overtighten any screw. There are two kinds of adjustment in theodolite. Permanent adjustment — To be done by a technician mechanic. Temporary adjustments are those which have to Be made every time the instrument is set up. Before taking any readings. Temporary adjustments of the theodolite are. Setting up the theodolite. Theodolite Levelling the instrument. Focusing the eyepiece and object-glass. Permanent adjustments are those which establish the fixed relationships between the fundamental lines of the instrument.

When the permanent adjustments are adjusted, they remain for a long period. Permanent adjustments are. The vertical axis The axis of the plane level The line of collimation or the line of sight The horizontal axis The bubble line or the altitude level.

Make the station by wire nail, M. Place the tripod over the station, approximately by means of suspending plumb bob. Fix the theodolite over the tripod. Fix the plumb bob to the instrument. Release the bottom clamping screw smoothly and ensure that the theodolite rests on the bottom plate and is not eccentric in vertical plumb.

Adjust the tripod by moving each leg along the radius as well as the circumference, so as to bring the plumb bob exactly over the station mark and approximately level the instrument with the help of the built-in spirit leve l.

While moving the legs ensure that the plate level should not be seriously affected. Skip carousel. Carousel Previous. Carousel Next. What is Scribd? Explore Ebooks. Bestsellers Editors' Picks All Ebooks. Explore Audiobooks. Bestsellers Editors' Picks All audiobooks. Explore Magazines. Editors' Picks All magazines. Explore Podcasts All podcasts. Difficulty Beginner Intermediate Advanced. Explore Documents. Theodolite Survey. Uploaded by Kosygin Leishangthem.

Document Information click to expand document information Description: Theodolite Survey. Did you find this document useful? Is this content inappropriate? Report this Document. Description: Theodolite Survey. Flag for inappropriate content. Download now. Related titles. Carousel Previous Carousel Next. Jump to Page. Search inside document. Lecturer Civil Engg. T- Frame. Lower Circular Plate. Plumb bob. Upper Plate.

Tripod Stand. Vernier Scale. Face Right If the vertical circle of the instrument is on the right side of the observer while taking a reading ,the position is called the face right and the observation taken on the horizontal or vertical circle in this position, is known as the face right observation.

Axis of the Level Tube It is also called the bubble line. Permanent adjustments contd. There are three temporary adjustments of a theodolite:i Centering.

To measure horizontal repetitions:- angle by i Set up the theodolite at starting point O and level it accurately. LINE Fig. Let it be iii The sum or difference of these dings will give the value of the vertical angle between A and B according as one of the points is above and the other below the horizontal plane.

N iii Release the magnetic needle and loosen the.. C1 C2 D1 D2 Fig. What are fundamental lines of a theodolite. Documents Similar To Theodolite Survey.

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